Appropriate questions should concern specialist knowledge: the meaning of a statement, context, form of expression, presence of statements of fact, value judgements, negative information, or signs of a threat or incitement.

Questions of guilt, legality and liability are best kept outside the questions put to a linguist.

What you can do

  • collect the disputed text and its context;
  • formulate appropriate questions for a specialist;
  • assess whether a combined examination is needed;
  • prepare a specialist opinion or an expert report review.